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	<title>Casa delle Farfalle - Parco Monteserra</title>
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		<title>Salvare le Api per salvare il Pianeta</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/salvare-le-api-per-salvare-il-pianeta/</link>
		<comments>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/salvare-le-api-per-salvare-il-pianeta/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Mar 2023 07:56:34 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/?p=2080</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Il nuovo Apiario Didattico, allestito a Viagrande, alle pendici dell’Etna, nasce con l&#8217;obbiettivo di informare e sensibilizzare le nuove generazioni sul tema delle api. Stiamo parlando di una grande area tematica con giochi, approfondimenti e installazioni interattive. Grazie al loro instancabile lavoro di impollinazione le api sono indispensabili per la preservazione dell’ambiente, per la produzione &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div dir="auto">Il nuovo Apiario Didattico, allestito a Viagrande, alle pendici dell’Etna, nasce con l&#8217;obbiettivo di informare e sensibilizzare le nuove generazioni sul tema delle api. Stiamo parlando di una grande area tematica con giochi, approfondimenti e installazioni interattive.</div>
<div dir="auto">Grazie al loro instancabile lavoro di impollinazione le api sono indispensabili per la preservazione dell’ambiente, per la produzione alimentare e per la vita stessa dell’uomo.</div>
<div dir="auto">Einstein sosteneva che qualora sparissero le api, il genere umano si estinguerebbe in 4 anni.</div>
<div dir="auto">Infatti oltre il 70 per cento del cibo che giunge sulle nostre tavole dipende dall&#8217;impollinazione degli insetti, principalmente le api, appunto.</div>
<div dir="auto">Purtroppo ultimamente la sopravvivenza di questi fantastici insetti è messa a rischio a causa di inquinamento, cambiamenti climatici, parassiti e perdita di biodiversità.</div>
<div dir="auto">Occorre essere tutti consapevoli dell&#8217;urgenza che viviamo e adottare scelte e comportamenti adeguati.</div>
<div dir="auto">Vi aspettiamo all&#8217;Apiario dell&#8217;Etna, a Viagrande.</div>
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		<title>Proposte per gruppi e scolaresche</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/proposte-a-s-201819/</link>
		<comments>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/proposte-a-s-201819/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Mar 2018 11:32:27 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Etna apiary</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/etna-apiary/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2014 12:58:04 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/?p=2008</guid>
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<p><strong>HOW IS A BEE MADE?</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApe.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2043" alt="lape" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApe-300x290.jpg" width="300" height="290" /></a>The bee is an insect and its body is divided into the head, thorax and abdomen. On the head there are two antennas that allow to perceive flavors, smells, temperature and humidity. We also find five eyes, (two large compounds and three small simple ones) and a mouth that looks like a small straw for sucking the nectar from the flowers. On the thorax there are 2 pairs of wings for flying and 6 legs equipped with tools for collecting pollen and cleaning. A sting is located at the bottom of the abdomen, but bees are not aggressive insects, they only sting for defense. The stinger has a serrated shape and for this reason it remains stuck in our skin, causing the death of the bee at the same time.</p>
<p><strong>THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Ciclo-biologico.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2037" alt="il-ciclo-biologico" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Ciclo-biologico-300x286.jpg" width="300" height="286" /></a>All starts with a small egg that the queen bee deposits into the cells. From this moment on, three transformations take place, called metamorphoses: in the first, the eggs become &#8220;larvae&#8221; and appear as small white caterpillars, in the second, the larvae transform into &#8220;pupae&#8221; and begin to have a shape more similar to bees, in the third the bees take on the appearance of the adult insect. All three phases always take place inside the cells, which are sealed with a wax cap. On the 21st day after deposition, the bee begins to move, pierces the cap and leaves the cell, ready to start its new life at the service of the colony. Each colony can host from 20,000 to 60,000 bees and each of these has a precise and irreplaceable task.</p>
<p><strong>THE BEES FAMILY</strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/La-famiglia-delle-Api.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2040" alt="la-famiglia-delle-api" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/La-famiglia-delle-Api-300x297.jpg" width="300" height="297" /></a>The Queen Bee:</strong> she is the mother of all the bees in the family and has the task of laying eggs, depositing up to 2.000 a day; it is larger than other bees and feeds exclusively on royal jelly; she lives on average 4-5 years.</p>
<p><strong>The Kelps:</strong> they are the males and their task is to fertilize the queen bee. Mating between queen and kelps takes place in flight, during the &#8220;nuptial flight&#8221;. Kelps that manage to mate with the queen then fall to the ground and die. The others still live a few days in the hive until with the arrival of the winter cold they are eliminated by the workers.</p>
<p><strong>Worker bees:</strong> thousands of them are born every year and are dedicated to caring for the larvae, cleaning, looking for food and all the other needs of the family. Workers change jobs many times during their lives and at every age they play specific roles.</p>
<p><strong>THE ROLES OF WORKER BEES</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-ruolo-delle-Api-operaie.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2039" alt="il-ruolo-delle-api-operaie" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-ruolo-delle-Api-operaie-300x298.jpg" width="300" height="298" /></a>Within a beehive, all bees have different roles, contributing individually to the growth of the family. During their life the workers play various roles, there are the handmaid bees, the nurses, the sweepers, the storekeepers, the ventilators, the foragers, we even have architect bees who build the honeycombs with wax forming perfect hexagons and finally the guardians to control the entrance to the hive.</p>
<p><strong>THE BEE-KEEPER</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApicoltore.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2044" alt="lapicoltore" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApicoltore-300x289.jpg" width="300" height="289" /></a>The beekeeper&#8217;s goal is mainly to keep the hives alive and healthy, also in order to collect the surplus honey, leaving inside what is necessary for the survival of the colony. Some beekeepers move the hives during the night to bring the bees closer to the best blooms. This work is called floral nomadism and is often practiced when one wants to produce honey from a single flower. Beekeepers use special tools such as the smoker, a tool to produce the smoke necessary to keep the bees calm, or the &#8220;Brush&#8221;, another tool used to move the bees during the extraction of the frames.</p>
<p><strong>THE BEEHIVE</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LArnia.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2045" alt="larnia" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LArnia-300x294.jpg" width="300" height="294" /></a>In nature, the bee house is called as beehive and is made up of wax constructions divided into small hexagonal cells. The wooden structures that are used by beekeepers are called hives and contain several frames. The hive is divided into two parts: the lower part called the &#8220;Nest&#8221; which is the place where the colony raises the larvae and keeps the honey reserves for the winter period. The upper part is the place where the bees store the excess honey when the nest is full. The beekeepers extract the honey only from this side without disturbing the nest and leaving all the food reserves necessary for the survival of the colony.</p>
<p><strong>THE PRODUCTS OF BEEHIVE</strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/I-prodotti-dellalveare.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2035" alt="i-prodotti-dellalveare" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/I-prodotti-dellalveare-293x300.jpg" width="293" height="300" /></a>Honey:</strong> It is a product elaborated by bees starting from the nectar of flowers. It is stored in cells and will serve the colony as reserve food;</p>
<p><strong>Pollen:</strong> It is the male seed of flowers which, thanks to the bees, fertilizes the flower on the pistil, allowing the reproduction and conservation of the species. It looks like a yellow colored powder, rich in vitamins, enzymes, sugars, mineral salts and proteins of high biological value;</p>
<p><strong>Royal jelly:</strong> It is a gelatinous substance that the nurse bees produce with special glands to feed the queen and the larvae. The queen, feeding only on royal jelly, lives up to 5 years! It contains fats, sugars, proteins and vitamins and is a veritable mine of nutrients;</p>
<p><strong>Propolis:</strong> It is produced by bees starting from bark or gem resins. It is a natural disinfectant that bees use to seal cracks and render predators harmless, mummifying them. Excellent antiseptic, healing and emollient, it is used for herbal and pharmaceutical products;</p>
<p><strong>Wax:</strong> The bees produce it, thanks to particular glands, to build the honeycombs, moreover the caps that close the cells containing the honey are also made of precious beeswax.</p>
<p><strong>HONEYING</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/La-smielatura.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2041" alt="la-smielatura" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/La-smielatura-300x294.jpg" width="300" height="294" /></a>When the honey is ready, the beekeeper takes the frames and takes them to the laboratory. Then he removes with a knife the wax that closes the cells and protects the honey and inserts the frames in a large circular container which, turning quickly, allows the honey to come out of them. The honey collected at the bottom of the honey extractor is filtered and left to rest for a few days before being collected in jars. Honey, if well preserved, can remain edible for several years.</p>
<p><strong>HONEY</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Miele.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2038" alt="il-miele" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Miele-300x292.jpg" width="300" height="292" /></a>The honey transported to the beehive is passed from one bee to another to be enriched with substances. Then it is dehydrated and stored in honeycomb cells and closed with a wax cap. It will serve the colony as reserve food in the winter. If the pollen from which the honey comes is collected from plants of the same species, it is referred to as monoflora honey, otherwise it is multi-flower one. Honey is mainly composed of sugars (fructose and glucose) but contains many beneficial substances such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, mineral salts and vitamins. Over time honeys tend to become solid. This is a natural process which proves the genuineness of the honey. Only three types of honey remain liquid for a long time: those of acacia, chestnut and honeydew, which contain more fructose than glucose. To produce a kilo of honey, bees must visit at least two million flowers and travel a total distance of about 150,000 km.</p>
<p><strong>THE SICILIAN BLACK BEE</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApe-nera-sicula.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2042" alt="lape-nera-sicula" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LApe-nera-sicula-300x298.jpg" width="300" height="298" /></a>The Sicilian black bee (Sicilian Apis mellifera), is a breed adapted over the millennia to the Sicilian territory and climate, very resistant to drought and parasites, produces a honey with high nutritional properties. The Etna Apiary supports the “Amici della Terra” project for the protection and enhancement of the Sicilian Black Bee species, with sustainable farms on the slopes of Etna and scientific research on the nutritional properties of honey, a very  real superfood.</p>
<p><strong>BEES AND ENVIRONMENT</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Api-ed-Ambiente.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2034" alt="api-ed-ambiente" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Api-ed-Ambiente-300x218.jpg" width="300" height="218" /></a>Thanks to pollination, bees guarantee the reproduction and survival of many plant species. The plants, in exchange for receiving this precious service, donate the nectar to the insects. Einstein claimed that without bees mankind would become extinct in four years, in fact over 70% of the fruit and vegetables that reach our tables derive from the pollination of bees. Bees, like butterflies, are biological indicators, their greater or lesser presence provides a measure of the quality of the environment and the health of the ecosystems in which we live.</p>
<p><strong>HONEY: FOOD OF THE GODS</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Cibo-degli-Dei.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-2036" alt="il-cibo-degli-dei" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Il-Cibo-degli-Dei-300x216.jpg" width="300" height="216" /></a>The therapeutic and nutritional qualities of honey have always been known so as to deserve the nickname of Food of the Gods by the ancient Greeks. In fact, according to Greek mythology, the gods were immortal because they ate honey and ambrosia. Honey, which was the only sweetener until the 1700s, is mainly composed of simple sugars (fructose and glucose), but compared to the common sucrose one, with the same sweetening power, it has 20% fewer calories and contains various beneficial substances such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, mineral salts and vitamins. Therefore it can bring many benefits to our body.</p></div>
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		<title>I Colori delle Farfalle</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/i-colori-delle-farfalle/</link>
		<comments>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/i-colori-delle-farfalle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2014 11:04:35 +0000</pubDate>
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<p align="center"><b>I COLORI DELLE FARFALLE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Prova-colori.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1982" alt="prova-colori" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Prova-colori-300x199.jpg" width="300" height="199" /></a>Oggi, tra farfalle e falene, ne esistono più di 150.000 specie. Sulle loro ali troviamo colori e disegni tra i più disparati, segno dell&#8217;enorme biodiversità che caratterizza questo gruppo animale. Alcuni richiamano, in modo davvero sorprendente, simboli creati dall&#8217;uomo, come numeri e lettere dell&#8217;alfabeto.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>COME LO VEDIAMO?</b></p>
<p>Non è ancora del tutto chiaro come noi e gli animali vediamo i colori, ma sappiamo che la loro percezione dipende da come gli occhi leggono le frequenze luminose e da come il cervello elabora questi segnali. Alla fine, ciò che tutti vedono è solo qualcosa che assomiglia alla realtà. Come percepiscono la luce gli occhi? Agli occhi degli organismi più complessi esistono, oltre alle strutture che vedono i controni in bianco e nero (bastoncini), strutture dedicate alla percezione dei colori (coni). Noi, così come le scimmie antropomorfe, abbiamo tre tipi di coni, in grado di catturare i tre colori cromatici primari: rosso, verde e blu. La loro sovrapposizione totale conferisce il bianco, quello parziale, tutta una gamma di colori intermedi.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>CHI VEDE COSA?</b></p>
<p>Le farfalle vedono più colori e alcuni papilionidi possiedono da 4 a 5 tipi di coni. Percepiscono, oltre ai colori che vediamo, anche i raggi ultravioletti, e sono anche più sensibili al viola e al rosso scuro. La maggior parte dei mammiferi vede solo due colori e non vede il rosso. I pesci hanno sviluppato diversi gradi di percezione. Ci sono specie, come i pesci rossi, che, come le farfalle, vedono anche l&#8217;ultravioletto. La maggior parte dei pesci di acque profonde invece, così come i calamari, vedono un unico colore, cioè il blu, l&#8217;unico percepibile a una certa profondità.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>COME VEDE UNA FARFALLA?</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1983" alt="butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig-300x172.jpg" width="300" height="172" /></a>Gli occhi delle farfalle sono composti da migliaia di unità funzionali (ommatidi) che sono esagonali e tutte unite a formare un emisfero (occhio composto). Ogni ommatidio contiene una lente conica e il rabdomero, una struttura simile a una fibra ottica dove la luce entra, rimbalza e stimola lateralmente le cellule nervose.</p>
<p>Ciò che arriva al cervello della farfalla è una sorta di puzzle che l&#8217;insetto deve mettere insieme per formare l&#8217;immagine. Le farfalle chiudono gli occhi? Ogni singolo ommatidio è ricoperto da cellule pigmentate che si allontanano o si avvicinano a seconda che la luce sia più o meno intensa. Questo è il loro modo di chiudere gli occhi. La superficie corneale di molte farfalle è micro-ondulata. Questo ha una doppia funzione: ridurre le perdite ottiche ed evitare i riflessi che ne consentono l&#8217;identificazione da parte dei predatori. Questa struttura è chiamata &#8220;occhi di falena&#8221; ed è utilizzata dall&#8217;industria spaziale per aumentare l&#8217;efficienza dei pannelli solari.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>SIGNIFICATO DEI VARI COLORI</b></p>
<p>In natura, invece, i colori sono molto importanti perché vengono utilizzati dalla fauna e dalla flora come mezzo di comunicazione. Ognuno di loro ha un significato diverso, vediamoli tutti nel dettaglio!</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>LUCE ROSSA!</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Rosso.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1984" alt="rosso" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Rosso-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Il rosso è il colore di chi vuole farsi vedere perché si distingue dagli altri, soprattutto dai toni verdi, grigi, beige e marroni che dominano l&#8217;ambiente naturale. Gli animali rossi di solito vogliono comunicare la loro velenosità. Ovviamente la regola è farsi conoscere prima di essere mangiati o &#8220;assaggiati&#8221;. Tra coloro che usano questa strategia ci sono animali, piante e persino funghi. Molte specie di animali usano lo stesso colore rosso di quelli velenosi per non essere predati. Sì, questo è spesso un imbroglio, che funziona se l&#8217;imitatore non è una specie molto comune.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>GIALLO, BELLO E “FATALE”</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Giallo.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1985" alt="giallo" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Giallo-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Per molti animali il giallo è un segno di riconoscimento tra maschio e femmina. Negli uccelli, come hanno dimostrato alcuni studiosi, le macchie gialle sui maschi sono indice di vigore fisico. Contrariamente a quanto sembra invece, molte farfalle sono gialle per mimetizzarsi. L&#8217;associazione di colori scuri e gialli rende le farfalle invisibili quando sorvolano i prati. Il giallo, alle nostre latitudini, è anche il colore che caratterizza molte vespe e ancor più le loro imitatrici, che sfruttano la loro &#8220;fama&#8221; per restare indisturbate e protette.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>BLU RARO E PREZIOSO</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Blu.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1986" alt="blu" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Blu-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Nel regno animale il colore blu è sicuramente uno dei più belli e ammirati. Il blu è molto raro tra gli animali e di solito ha un significato sessuale e territoriale. Le farfalle blu per eccellenza sono le mitiche Morphos amazzoniche, che potete trovare anche in voliera. I loro maschi sono spesso molto più colorati delle femmine, e per questo capaci di segnalare la loro presenza anche a notevole distanza e di confondere i predatori.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>VERDE PER SCOMPARIRE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Verde.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1987" alt="verde" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Verde-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Essere verdi significa mimetizzarsi con il colore dominante in natura. Le piante sono verdi per un pigmento: la clorofilla. Negli insetti, i pigmenti verdi sono rari e di solito derivano dalla bile. Essere verdi non serve solo per difendersi, ma anche per attaccare e predare, come nel caso di camaleonti e mantidi. In Italia vive l&#8217;unica farfalla quasi interamente verde, la Tecla del rovo (Callophrys rubi), mentre tra le specie tropicali sono parzialmente verdi i bellissimi ornitotteri e alcuni Papilio dell&#8217;area indo-australiana.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>NERO MISTERIOSO</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nero.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1988" alt="nero" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nero-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Il nero ha diverse funzioni, come proteggere dai raggi ultravioletti e aumentare la capacità di alcune zone del corpo di catturare il calore del sole. I colori neri hanno un ruolo importante per gli animali che vogliono comunicare la loro pericolosità o velenosità. L&#8217;alternanza di bande o macchie nere e simili forme chiare (es. strisce zebrate) ha la funzione di non percepire le forme del corpo dell&#8217;animale. Questo è un tipo di mimetismo che viene definito distruttivo o inteso a rendere l&#8217;animale irriconoscibile.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>BIANCO MULTIFUNZIONE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Bianco.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1989" alt="bianco" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Bianco-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Le ali bianche o molto chiare permettono all&#8217;animale di riflettere gran parte della radiazione solare. Questo può essere un grande vantaggio in ambienti caldi e soleggiati, ma anche in caso di basse temperature in quanto il calore del sole, con un&#8217;opportuna inclinazione delle ali, può riflettersi verso il corpo dell&#8217;insetto che normalmente è più scuro.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>UNO ZODIACO DI COLORI</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Farfalle-Zodiaco.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1990" alt="farfalle-zodiaco" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Farfalle-Zodiaco-225x300.jpeg" width="225" height="300" /></a>Le forme e i disegni sulle ali delle farfalle non sono casuali. Rappresentano la complessità e gli equilibri della vita. Oltre che con numeri e lettere dell&#8217;alfabeto, possiamo giocare a riconoscere un legame tra farfalle e segni zodiacali.</p>
<p>E tu. Che farfalla sei?</p></div>
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		<title>Il Mondo delle Farfalle</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/il-mondo-delle-farfalle/</link>
		<comments>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/il-mondo-delle-farfalle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2014 10:30:39 +0000</pubDate>
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<p><strong>Le farfalle appartengono all’ordine dei lepidotteri. </strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalle-da-tutto-il-Mondo.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1965" alt="farfalle-da-tutto-il-mondo" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalle-da-tutto-il-Mondo-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>I lepidotteri sono un grande ordine di insetti, secondo solo ai coleotteri nel numero di specie descritte finora dagli entomologi. I fossili mostrano che <b>alcune specie di farfalle esistono da almeno 50 milioni di anni</b>. I lepidotteri abitano tutte le regioni del mondo, incluso l’Artico. Le aperture alari delle farfalle vanno dai 1,6 centimetri della farfalla pigmeo blu (<i>Brephidium exilis</i>), che si trova nel sud degli Stati Uniti, ai 30 centimetri alle farfalle della Regina Alessandra (<i>Ornithoptera alexandrae</i>), che vivono nella foresta pluviale di Papua, in Nuova Guinea.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>LA FARFALLA, COME È FATTA?</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ciclo-della-Farfalla.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1966" alt="ciclo-della-farfalla" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ciclo-della-Farfalla-225x300.jpeg" width="225" height="300" /></a>Il corpo delle farfalle è diviso in tre parti principali: la testa, il torace e l&#8217;addome. Sulla testa troviamo gli occhi, grandi, ovali e composti, cioè formati da centinaia di singoli fotorecettori. Sono in grado di vedere in ogni direzione contemporaneamente e lo spettro di colori che riescono a percepire va ben oltre quello umano. Due antenne sono posizionate sopra la testa, servono per il senso del tatto, ma contengono anche organi olfattivi che aiutano nella ricerca del cibo. La loro bocca è tra gli occhi. La lingua, o proboscide, ha la forma e la funzione di una cannuccia, che limita la loro dieta ai soli liquidi. Quando non viene utilizzata viene tenuta arrotolata sotto la bocca e la sua lunghezza determina di quali fiori si possono nutrire. Alcune falene non hanno un apparato boccale funzionante e non mangiano affatto una volta che sono adulte. Nel torace troviamo sempre sei zampe, attaccate in basso. In alcune famiglie di farfalle il paio di zampe anteriori non è funzionale. Tutte le gambe sono articolate e hanno piedi artigliati, usati per arrampicarsi. I piedi contengono dei sensori tattili. L&#8217;addome è lungo e contiene il cuore, l&#8217;apparato digerente, l&#8217;apparato respiratorio e gli organi sessuali. Le farfalle respirano assorbendo ossigeno attraverso aperture situate ai lati dell&#8217;addome. Le ali sono molto sottili e delicate, ma sono attraversate da una rete di vene rigide che forniscono supporto strutturale. Possono battere da 8 a 12 volte al secondo ed alcune farfalle sono in grado di volare per più di 900 km prima di fermarsi a riposare. Per quanto riguarda la velocità, l&#8217;esemplare più veloce è in grado di volare a 60 km/h. Le farfalle sono in grado di volare a grandi altitudini, alcune possono raggiungere i 3.000 metri!</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>CICLO DELLA VITA</b></p>
<p>Le farfalle subiscono una metamorfosi completa: ciò significa che ogni generazione si sviluppa attraverso quattro stadi: uovo, bruco, crisalide ed adulto. I piccoli nascono da un uovo deposto dalla madre sulle foglie di una pianta ospite. Come decidono quale pianta è quella giusta? Attraverso il gusto. Se una femmina non riesce a trovare una pianta ospite,  conserva le uova finché non ne trova una. Qualunque pianta venga scelta come ospite sarà quella di cui i giovani si nutriranno, anche le larve moriranno di fame piuttosto che mangiare dalla pianta sbagliata. Come Bruchi hanno un unico scopo: mangiare e guadagnare massa corporea. Di solito iniziano mangiando il guscio delle loro uova, dopodiché iniziano a mangiare le foglie e talvolta i fiori della pianta ospite. Molti bruchi non sopravvivono abbastanza a lungo per passare alla fase successiva della loro vita. I bruchi sono cibo per quasi tutti i carnivori, ovvero uccelli, mammiferi, ragni e coleotteri. Ognuno di loro mangia bruchi, sono una specie di hamburger nel mondo. Poiché la loro vita è irta di pericoli, molte specie sono dotate di meccanismi di difesa. Alcuni hanno disegni colorati vicino alla parte posteriore che sembrano occhi per spaventare i predatori. Altri sono colorati per mimetizzarsi con la pianta ospite, o hanno setole spinose o peli che irritano tutto ciò che li sfiora. Altri bruchi emanano un odore sgradevole, mentre altri invece, come quello della Monarca, non vengono toccati perché le piante di cui si nutrono li rendono sgradevoli al gusto o addirittura tossici. Quando un elemento chimico chiamato &#8220;ormone giovanile&#8221; raggiunge un certo livello, i bruchi subiscono la loro muta finale ed espellono tutto il contenuto dal tratto digerente. A questo punto lasciano la pianta ospite e cercano un posto sicuro dove trasformarsi in crisalidi. La pelle esterna dei bruchi si indurisce per formare una camera all&#8217;interno della quale avviene la trasformazione da bruco a farfalla adulta. La larva all&#8217;interno si stacca dalle pareti e prende il nome di pupa o crisalide (le due parole sono sinonimi). Alcune pupe di farfalle e falene impiegano un anno per completare il loro ciclo di vita, dall&#8217;uovo all&#8217;adulto, ma la maggior parte completa il ciclo in sole 2-4 settimane. Alla fine di questo ciclo l&#8217;involucro della crisalide si rompe e ne esce una farfalla completamente sviluppata e sessualmente matura.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>FARFALLE VS. FALENE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Tipologie-di-Falene.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1967" alt="tipologie-di-falene" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Tipologie-di-Falene-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>A destra potete osservare le teche delle Falene.</p>
<p>Quali sono le differenze tra farfalle e falene? A un occhio inesperto questi due insetti sembrano molto simili, ma puoi imparare rapidamente le differenze e, a colpo d&#8217;occhio, capire la differenza tra una farfalla e una falena.</p>
<p>• La maggior parte delle farfalle è attiva durante il giorno, mentre la maggior parte delle falene è notturna;</p>
<p>• Durante il riposo, la farfalla tiene le ali dritte e unite. La maggior parte delle falene tiene le ali lungo i lati o piegate insieme sopra il corpo;</p>
<p>• Quasi tutte le farfalle hanno colori brillanti. La falena è spesso, ma non sempre, di colore opaco: marrone, grigio, nero o una combinazione di questi. Le sue ali hanno spesso uno schema mimetico molto efficiente, che lo rende quasi invisibile durante il giorno;</p>
<p>• Le antenne delle farfalle hanno la forma di una mazza da golf: un&#8217;asta con un rigonfiamento più spesso all&#8217;estremità. Quelle di falena invece sono simili a un pettine, pelose o filiformi, ma mai a forma di clava;</p>
<p>• Il corpo delle farfalle è generalmente liscio alla vista e snello, mentre quello di una falena è paffuto e peloso.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>GLI OCCHI SULLE ALI</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG20230222130116.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1962" alt="img20230222130116" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG20230222130116-300x224.jpg" width="300" height="224" /></a>Molti animali presentano, in apparenza come un ornamento,disegni che ricordano la forma di un occhio. Questo fenomeno è molto diffuso nelle farfalle ed in alcune specie raggiunge una perfezione straordinaria. I significati di questi disegni, che servono a confondere eventuali predatori, sono almeno due: il TERRIFICO e l’INVERSIONE DELLA TESTA. Nel primo caso  le farfalle attaccate reagiscono aprendo le ali e mostrando “occhi” vistosi e minacciosi. Nel secondo caso questi disegni associati a forme particolari delle ali e delle code (ad imitare delle antenne), indicano che la testa dell’animale sta da quella parte, una zona poco vulnerabile, sulla quale si concentrano eventuali attacchi. La farfalla può così fuggire con poco danno.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>MIMETISMO BATESIANO</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Batesiano.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1968" alt="mimetismo-batesiano" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Batesiano-300x219.jpg" width="300" height="219" /></a>Le specie, che si difendono dai predatori mediante sostanze tossiche o deterrenti, vengono spesso imitare da altre specie innocue. queste ultime, pur essendo indifese, vengono evitate in quanto scambiate per specie inappetibili. Infatti spesso presentano lo stesso colore, la stessa forma e persino stesso modo di volare o muoversi. Questo particolare adattamento viene definito “Mimetismo Batesiano” dal nome del naturalista inglese Henry W. Bates, che nel secolo scorso per primo lo descrisse in alcune specie di farfalle. Le specie imitatrici sono dette “mimi”, mentre quelle imitate perché realmente inappetibili, sono dette “Modelli”.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>FALENA COBRA &#8211; ATTACUS ATLAS</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Falena-Cobra.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1969" alt="falena-cobra" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Falena-Cobra-300x222.jpg" width="300" height="222" /></a>I disegni di queste farfalle hanno vari significati. tra tutti,colpisce maggiormente quello del bordo delle ali, nel quale si scorge la figura di un serpente Cobra in posizione d’attacco visto di profilo. l’imitazione di predatori spesso temibili e velenosi quali i serpenti, è abbastanza comune ed in questa specie raggiunge livelli davvero eccezionali. si tratta comunque di una Falena che fa eccezione anche per altri aspetti come le grandi dimensioni delle femmine che possono avvicinarsi ai 30 cm di apertura alare.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>MIMETISMO CRIPTICO</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Criptico.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1970" alt="mimetismo-criptico" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Criptico-300x217.jpg" width="300" height="217" /></a>Si tratta di uno dei più diffusi adattamenti e consiste nell’apparire il più simile possibile all’ambiente circostante. Molte farfalle assomigliano a foglie, rami, pietre o corteccia per risultare indistinguibili all’occhio del potenziale predatori quali uccelli, rane, lucertole e ragni. Nel caso delle farfalle notturne, che quando non sono attive giacciono ad ali aperte, dove colori e disegni criptici si trovano sulla parte superiore delle ali, al contrario nel caso delle farfalle diurne, che riposano ad ali chiuse, si mimetizzano con la parte esterna delle ali.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>COLORAZIONI APOSEMATICHE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Colorazioni-Aposematiche.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1971" alt="colorazioni-aposematiche" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Colorazioni-Aposematiche-300x219.jpg" width="300" height="219" /></a>Molti animali si difendono dall’attacco dei predatori mediante l’utilizzo di sostanze tossiche o deterrenti contenute nei tessuti o secrete da particolari ghiandole. Associata a questa “non commestibilità” troviamo spesso livree brillanti e vistose con lo scopo di aiutare i predatori a riconoscere ed evitare tali animali. Queste livree vengono chiamate “Aposematiche” od “Annunciatrici” e spesso risultano dalla combinazione di colori come il nero, il giallo ed il rosso, che assicurano la massima visibilità sullo sfondo verde o marrone dell’ambiente naturale. Gli insetti ed in particolare le farfalle, ci forniscono un ottimo esempio di tale strategia.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>FARFALLE CIVETTA DELL’AMAZZONIA</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalla-Civetta.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1972" alt="farfalla-civetta" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalla-Civetta-300x221.jpg" width="300" height="221" /></a>I disegni sulle ali di queste farfalle sembrano imitare un rapace notturno. Queste colorazioni sono una protezione necessaria in quanto le farfalle civetta per nutrirsi, sostano a lungo su frutta in fermentazione. Per quanto è noto, queste caratteristiche fisiche servono come <strong>metodo efficace per passare inosservati ai predatori, o addirittura per spaventarli.</strong> Sembrano infatti più grandi e più pericolose di quanto non siano in realtà. Tuttavia, le farfalle volano preferenzialmente al crepuscolo, quando pochi uccelli predatori sono in giro. Il nome latino può forse riferirsi ai loro periodi attivi; caligo significa oscurità.</p></div>
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		<title>The Butterfly world</title>
		<link>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/the-butterfly-world/</link>
		<comments>https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/the-butterfly-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Feb 2014 08:35:19 +0000</pubDate>
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<p><strong>Butterflies belong to the Lepidoptera order.</strong><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalle-da-tutto-il-Mondo.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1965" alt="farfalle-da-tutto-il-mondo" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalle-da-tutto-il-Mondo-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>Lepidoptera are a large order of insects, second only to the beetles in the number of species described so far by entomologists. Fossils show that some butterfly species have been around for at least 50 million years. Lepidoptera inhabit all regions of the world, including the Arctic. Butterflies&#8217; wingspans range from 1.6 centimeters for the blue pygmy butterfly (Brephidium exilis), found in the southern United States, to 30 centimeters for the Queen Alexandra butterflies (Ornithoptera alexandrae), which live in the rainforest of Papua. in New Guinea.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>BUTTERFLY, HOW IS IT MADE?</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ciclo-della-Farfalla.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1966" alt="ciclo-della-farfalla" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Ciclo-della-Farfalla-225x300.jpeg" width="225" height="300" /></a>The Butterflies body is divided into three main parts: the head, the thorax and the abdomen. On the head we find the eyes, large, oval and compound, meaning they are made up of hundreds of individual photoreceptors. They are able to see in every direction at the same time and the spectrum of colors they can perceive goes far beyond the human one. Two antennas are positioned above the head, they are used for the sense of touch, but they also contain olfactory organs which aid in the search for food. Their mouth is between the eyes. The tongue, or proboscis, has the shape and function of a straw, which limits their diet to liquids only. When not in use it is kept coiled under the mouth and its length determines which flowers they feed on. Some moths do not have functioning mouthparts and do not eat at all once they are adults. In the thorax we always find six legs, attached at the bottom. In some families of butterflies the front pair of legs is not functional. All legs are jointed and have clawed feet, used for climbing. The feet contain touch sensors. The abdomen is long and contains the heart, digestive system, respiratory system, and sexual organs. Butterflies breathe by absorbing oxygen through openings located on the sides of the abdomen. The wings are very thin and delicate, yet are crisscrossed with a network of stiff veins that provide structural support. They can beat 8 to 12 times per second and some butterflies are capable of flying more than 900 km (about 560 miles) before stopping to rest. As for speed, the fastest specimen is able to fly at 60 km/h (about 37 miles for hour). Butterflies are able to fly to great altitudes, some can reach 3.000 meters (about 1.000 feet)!</p>
<p><b>CYCLE OF LIFE</b></p>
<p>Butterflies undergo a complete metamorphosis: this means that each generation develops through four stages: <i>egg, caterpillar , chrysalis and adult</i>. The young hatch from an egg laid by the mother on the leaves of a host plant. How do they decide which plant is the right one? Through taste. If a female cannot find a host plant, she keeps the eggs until she does find one. Whichever plant is chosen as host will be one that the young will feed on, even the larvae will starve to death rather than eat from the wrong plant. As Caterpillar have an only purpose: to eat and gain body mass. They usually start by eating the shell of their eggs, after which they start eating the leaves and sometimes the flowers of the host plant. Many caterpillars don&#8217;t survive long enough to move on to the next stage of their life. Caterpillars are food for almost all carnivores, that means birds, mammals, spiders and beetles. Each of them eat caterpillars, they are a kind of hamburger in the world. Because their life is fraught with dangers, many species are equipped with defense mechanisms. Some have color patterns near the back that look like eyes, so they scare off predators. Others are colored to blend in with the host plant, or have prickly bristles or hairs that irritate anything that brushes against them. Other caterpillars give off an unpleasant smell, while others, however, such as the Monarch, are not touched because the plants they eat make them unpleasant to taste or even toxic. When a chemical matter called &#8220;juvenile hormone&#8221; reaches a certain level, the caterpillars undergo their final moult and eject all contents from their digestive tracts. At this point, they leave their host plant and look for a safe place to become chrysalises. The outer skin of the caterpillars hardens to form a chamber within which the transformation from caterpillar to adult butterfly takes place. The larva inside detaches from the walls and takes the name of pupa or chrysalis (the two words are synonymous). Some pupae of both butterflies and moths take a year to complete their life cycle, from egg to adult, but most complete the cycle in just 2-4 weeks. At the end of this cycle the casing of the chrysalis breaks, and a fully developed and sexually mature butterflies comes out.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Tipologie-di-Falene.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1967" alt="tipologie-di-falene" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Tipologie-di-Falene-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a></b><b>BUTTERFLIES VS. MOTHS</b></p>
<p>On the right you can see the display cases of the Moths. What are the differences between butterflies and moths? To the untrained eye these two insects look very similar, but you can quickly learn the differences and, at a glance, lock for difference between a butterfly and a moth.</p>
<p>• Most butterflies are active during the day, while most moths are nocturnal;</p>
<p>• While resting, the butterfly holds its wings upright and together. Most moths hold their wings along their sides or folded together above their body;</p>
<p>• Almost all butterflies have brilliant colors. The moth is often, but not always, dull in color: brown, gray, black, or a combination of these. Its wings often have a very efficient camouflage pattern, making it almost invisible during the day;</p>
<p>• Butterflies&#8217; antennae are shaped like a golf club: a shaft with a thicker ridge at the end. Those of moths, on the other hand, are similar to a comb, hairy or threadlike, but never club-shaped;</p>
<p>• The body of butterflies is generally smooth to the eye and slender, while that of a moth is plump and hairy.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>EYES ON WINGS</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG20230222130116.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1962" alt="img20230222130116" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG20230222130116-300x224.jpg" width="300" height="224" /></a>Many animals present, in appearance as an ornament, designs that remember the shape of an eye. This phenomenon is very common in butterflies and in some species reaches an extraordinary perfection. The meanings of these drawings, which confuse predators, are at least two: the “TERRIFIC” and the “REVERSE OF THE HEAD”. In the first one the attacked butterflies react by opening their wings and showing showy and threatening &#8220;eyes&#8221;. In the second one, these drawings, associated with particular shapes of wings and tails (to imitate the antennae), indicate that the animal&#8217;s head is on that side, a not vulnerable area, on which any attacks can be done. The butterfly can thus escape with a little damage.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"> <b>BATESIAN MIMICRY</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Batesiano.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1968" alt="mimetismo-batesiano" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Batesiano-300x219.jpg" width="300" height="219" /></a>The species can defend themselves from predators by toxic or deterrent substances. Sometimes they are imitated by other harmless species.Tthe latter, despite being defenseless, are avoided as they are mistaken for unappetizing species. in fact they often have the same color, the same shape and even the same way of flying or moving. this particular adaptation is called &#8220;Batesian Mimicry&#8221; from the name of the English naturalist Henry W. Bates, who in the last century was the first to describe it in some species of butterflies. the imitating species are called &#8220;mimes&#8221;, while those imitated because they are really unappetizing, are called &#8220;models&#8221;.</p>
<p align="center"><b><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Falena-Cobra.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1969" alt="falena-cobra" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Falena-Cobra-300x222.jpg" width="300" height="222" /></a></b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>COBRA MOTH  &#8211; ATTACUS ATLAS</b></p>
<p>The drawings of these butterflies have various meanings. Among all, the most interesting is related to the edge of the wings. On them you can see the profile of a Cobra snake in an attack position. To copy fearsome and poisonous predators such as snakes is quite common and in this species it reaches truly exceptional levels. However, it is a Moth very interesting for other aspects such as the large size of the females that can approach 30 cm of wingspan (about a feet).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>CRITICAL MIMICRY</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Criptico.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1970" alt="mimetismo-criptico" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mimetismo-Criptico-300x217.jpg" width="300" height="217" /></a>It is one of the most widespread adaptations and consists in appearing as similar as possible to the surrounding environment. Many butterflies have a look quite similar at leaves, branches, stones or barks to be indistinguishable to the eye of potential predators such as birds, frogs, lizards and spiders. In case of moths, which when they are not active lie with open wings, cryptic colors and designs are on the upper part of the wings, on the contrary for daytime butterflies, which rest with closed wings, their camouflage is on the external part of the wings.</p>
<p align="center"><b><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Colorazioni-Aposematiche.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1971" alt="colorazioni-aposematiche" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Colorazioni-Aposematiche-300x219.jpg" width="300" height="219" /></a></b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>APOSEMATIC COLORS</b></p>
<p>Many animals defend themselves from attack by predators using toxic substances or deterrents contained in the tissues or secreted by particular glands. Associated with this &#8220;inedibility&#8221; we often find bright and showy liveries with the aim of helping predators to recognize and avoid these animals. Those liveries are called &#8220;Aposematics&#8221; or &#8220;Announcers&#8221; and often result from the combination of colors such as black, yellow and red, which ensure maximum visibility against the green or brown background of the natural environment. Insects, and especially butterflies, provide us with an excellent example of this strategy.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalla-Civetta.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1972" alt="farfalla-civetta" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Farfalla-Civetta-300x221.jpg" width="300" height="221" /></a>AMAZON OWL BUTTERFLIES</b></p>
<p>The designs on the wings of these butterflies seem to imitate a nocturnal bird of prey. These colors are a necessary protection as the owl butterflies stop for a long time on fruit in fermentation to feed. As far as is known, these physical characteristics serve as an effective method to go unnoticed by predators, or even to scare them. They seem bigger and more dangerous than they really are. However, butterflies preferentially fly at dusk when few predatory birds are around. The Latin name may perhaps refer to their active periods; caligo means “darkness”.</p></div>
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		<title>The Butterfly Colors</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Feb 2014 17:31:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>marketing</dc:creator>
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<p align="center"><b>THE BUTTERFLY COLORS</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Prova-colori.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1982" alt="prova-colori" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Prova-colori-300x199.jpg" width="300" height="199" /></a>Today, between butterflies and moths, there are more than 150,000 species of them. On their wings we find colors and drawings among the most disparate, a sign of the enormous biodiversity that characterizes this animal group. Some they recall, in a truly surprising way, symbols created by man, such as numbers and letters of the alphabet.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b>HOW DO WE SEE IT?</b></p>
<p>It is not yet fully understood how we and animals see colors, but we know their perception depends on how the eyes read light frequencies and how the brain processes these signals. In the end, what everyone sees is just something resembling reality. How do the eyes perceive light? In the eyes of more complex organisms exist, in addition to the structures that see black and white size (rods), structures dedicated to the perception of colors (cones). We, as well as anthropomorphic apes, have three types of cones, capable of capturing the three primary colors additives: red, green and blue. Their total overlap gives the white, the partial one, a whole range of intermediate colors.</p>
<p align="center"><b>WHO SEES WHAT?</b></p>
<p>The butterflies see more colors are some papilionids  get 4 to 5 types of cones. They perceive, in addition to the colors we see, also ultraviolet rays, and are also more sensitive to violet e to dark red. Most mammals see only two colors and don&#8217;t see red. Fish have developed different degrees of perception. There are species, such as goldfish, which, like the butterflies, they also see the ultraviolet. Most of the deep-sea fish instead, as well as the squid, see a only color, i.e. blue, the only one that can be perceived at a certain depth.</p>
<p><b></b><b>HOW DOES A BUTTERFLY SEE?</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1983" alt="butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/butterfly-eyes-from-san-diego-zoo_orig-300x172.jpg" width="300" height="172" /></a>The eyes of butterflies are composed of thousands of functional units (ommatidia) which are hexagonal and all joined to form a hemisphere (compound eye). Each ommatidium contains a lens conical and the rhabdomer, a fiber-optic-like structure where light enters, bounces and stimulates laterally the nerve cells. What arrives at the butterfly&#8217;s brain is one sort of puzzle that the insect has to put together to form the image. Do butterflies close their eyes? Each individual ommatidium is covered by pigment cells which move away or approach each other depending on the the light is less or more intense. This is their way of closing their eyes. The corneal surface of many butterflies is micro-corrugated. This has a double function: to reduce optical losses and avoid reflections that allow their identification by predators. This structure is called &#8220;moth eyes&#8221; and is used by the space industry to increase the efficiency of solar panels.</p>
<p align="center"><b>MEANING OF THE VARIOUS COLORS</b></p>
<p>In nature, however, colors are very important because they are used by fauna and flora as a means of communication. Each of them has a different meaning, let&#8217;s see every one in detail!</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>RED LIGHT!</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Rosso.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1984" alt="rosso" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Rosso-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Red is the color of those who want to be seen as it stands out from the others, especially from the green, grey, beige and brown tones that dominate the natural environment. Red animals usually want to communicate their poisonousness. Obviously, the rule is to let them know before being eaten or &#8220;tasted&#8221;. Among those who use this strategy are animals, plants and even mushrooms. Many species of animals use the same red color as poisonous ones in order not to be preyed upon. Yes, this is often a cheat, which works if the imitator is not a very common species.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>YELLOW, BEAUTIFUL AND “FATAL”</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Giallo.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1985" alt="giallo" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Giallo-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>For many animals, yellow is a sign of recognition between male and female. In birds, as some scholars have shown, the yellow spots on males are a sign of physical vigour.  Contrary to what it seems, many butterflies are yellow for camouflage. The association of dark and yellow colors make the butterflies invisible when they fly over the meadows. Yellow, in our latitudes, is also the color that characterizes many wasps and even more greater than their imitators, who exploit their &#8220;fame&#8221; to remain undisturbed and protected.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>RARE AND PRECIOUS BLUE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Blu.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1986" alt="blu" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Blu-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>In the animal kingdom the blue color is certainly one of the most beautiful and admired. Generated blue is very rare among animals and usually has a sexual and territorial significance. The blue butterflies par excellence are the legendary Amazonian Morphos, which you can also find in the aviary. Their males are often much more colorful than the females, and for this reason capable of signaling their presence even from a considerable distance and of confusing predators.</p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>GREEN TO DISAPPEAR</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Verde.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1987" alt="verde" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Verde-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Being green means blending in with the dominant color in nature. Plants are green for a pigment: the chlorophyll. In insects, green pigments are rare and are usually derived from bile. Being green is not only used to defend oneself, but also to attack and prey, as in the case of chameleons and mantises. In Italy lives the only butterfly that is almost entirely green, the blackberry bush (Callophrys rubi), while among the tropical species, the beautiful ornithopteras and some Papilio of the Indo-Australian area are partially green.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>MYSTERIOUS BLACK</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nero.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1988" alt="nero" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nero-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>Black has various functions, such as protecting against ultraviolet rays and increasing the ability of certain areas of the body to capture the sun&#8217;s heat. The black colors have an important role for animals that want to communicate their danger or poisonousness. The alternation of black bands or spots and similar clear shapes (e.g. zebra stripes) has the function of  don’t perceive the shapes of the animal&#8217;s body. This is a type of mimicry that is referred to as disruptive, or intended to make the animal unrecognizable.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>MULTIFUNCTION WHITE</b></p>
<p><a href="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Bianco.jpeg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1989" alt="bianco" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Bianco-300x225.jpeg" width="300" height="225" /></a>The white or very light wings allow the animal to reflect a large part of the solar radiation. This can be a great advantage in hot and sunny environments, but also in case of low temperatures as the heat of the sun, with a suitable inclination of the wings, can be reflected towards the body of the insect which is normally darker.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><b>A ZODIAC OF COLORS</b></p>
<p>The shapes and designs on the wings of butterflies are not accidental. They represent complexity and balances of life. As well as with numbers and letters of the alphabet, we can play to recognize a link between butterflies and zodiac signs.</p>
<p>And you. Which butterfly are you?</p>
<p><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1990" alt="farfalle-zodiaco" src="https://www.casadellefarfallemonteserra.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Farfalle-Zodiaco-225x300.jpeg" width="225" height="300" /></p></div>
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